Mushrooms for Mental and Physical Health
For centuries medicinal mushrooms have been a cornerstone of traditional medicine practices and health-promoting meals, valued for their wide-ranging health benefits. From boosting immunity to supporting cognitive function, these powerful fungi are gaining momentum in modern wellness and nutrition. In recent years, mushrooms have surged in popularity in Western cultures, not just as medicine but also as ingredients in functional food and beverages as well as plant-based meat alternatives.
Scientific research is now validating what ancient traditions have long claimed: mushrooms like cordyceps, reishi, lion’s mane and chaga possess potent bioactive compounds that may enhance immune function, fight inflammation and even support cognitive health. But how much of this is backed up by clinical studies? In the following article, we will explore both the traditional uses and modern scientific evidence behind these remarkable fungi.
Cordyceps
Cordyceps, particularly Cordyceps militaris and Ophiocordyceps sinensis, are renowned in traditional Chinese medicine for their health benefits. They contain bioactive components like cordycepin, which exhibits a wide range of therapeutic potentials, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-aging properties (Ashraf et al., 2020). Wong et al. reported antineoplastic (cancer suppressing) effects found in human clinical trials for cordyceps and several other mushroom extracts (Wong et al., 2020). Clinical studies are ongoing to explore their effects on major depressive disorder and cognitive impairment, with some promising results (Fijałkowska et al., 2022; Nkodo, 2019).
Reishi
Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum) is widely used in traditional medicine for its immunomodulatory and anticancer properties. It contains bioactive molecules such as triterpenes and polysaccharides, which have been shown to have potential uses in treating cancer and neurodegenerative diseases (Wong et al., 2020; Pinya et al., 2019). It is gaining popularity in supplements and relaxation or sleep promoting food products in Western food culture, and has been studied for its cognitive, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits (Anusiya et al., 2021; Fijałkowska et al., 2022; Nkodo, 2019; Szydłowska-Tutaj et al., 2023; Valverde et al., 2015). Mallard et al. studied the immune-modulatory activity of a reishi, shiitake and maitake extract formula on human macrophages, finding a synergistic effect from combining the extracts in this in vitro study (Mallard et al., 2019).
Lion's Mane
Lion's Mane (Hericium erinaceus) is noted for its potential cognitive benefits. Already popular in supplements and energizing, focus-boosting food products, Lion’s Mane contains compounds that may enhance cognitive function. It was found to be a potential stimulant for nerve growth factor synthesis, which is crucial for neuronal health and cognitive function (Anusiya et al., 2021). Some studies have also found positive effects treating depression and cognitive impairment (Fijałkowska et al., 2022; Nkodo, 2019). It is rich in L-ergothioneine, a potent antioxidant (Szydłowska-Tutaj et al., 2023; Uffelman et al., 2023). Lion’s mane is also used as a plant-based meat replacement, i.a. in the popular “mushroom steak” preparation that went viral online in mid-2023.
Chaga
Chaga (Inonotus obliquus) is known for its high antioxidant content, which may contribute to its anti-aging and health-promoting properties. It has also been studied for anti-inflammatory benefits, antidiabetic and anticancer effects (Anusiya et al., 2021; Camilleri et al., 2024; Valverde et al., 2015). It is traditionally used to boost immunity and improve overall health, i.a. in East Asia and the Baltic region in the form of tea and syrups (Na et al., 2019). Chaga's rich composition of bioactive compounds, particularly polyphenols, triterpenoids and melanins, which exhibit significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. For instance, studies show that Chaga can modulate immune responses, protect against oxidative stress and exhibit hepatoprotective effects, which are integral to longevity (Van et al., 2009; Бурмасова et al., 2019). Chaga extracts have also been shown to suppress tumor growth in various cancer models, improve lipid profiles and reduce blood glucose levels (Géry et al., 2018; Youn et al., 2008; Zhang et al., 2022; Bell et al., 2022).
Summary
The presented fungi are rich in bioactive compounds that may promote longevity and cognitive health, and research is increasingly confirming their anti-inflammatory, immune-boosting and neuroprotective benefits. With promising clinical trials and growing consumer interest, these mushrooms are poised to transform the future of natural health solutions.
References
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